Leagues we cover
Kepler publishes picks in these leagues only — the top flights, and the lower divisions where bookmakers pay less attention. Each has its own calendar, format and scoring habits, and our pricing takes them into account.
- Leagues
- 23
- Countries
- 12
England
Premier League
Top flight · Autumn–spring season
England's top flight and the most-watched league in the world. Its markets are also among the most efficient anywhere, so an edge here is thin and hard-won — which is exactly why it is worth measuring against the closing line. The bottom three are relegated to the Championship each season.
Championship
Second tier · Autumn–spring season
The second tier of English football, and one of the most demanding leagues to predict: 46 matches a season, a packed midweek schedule and very little between the top and the bottom. The top two go up automatically and the next four play off for the third promotion place.
League One
Third tier · Autumn–spring season
England's third tier. Deep squads are rare, form swings quickly and its markets get far less attention than the Premier League's — exactly the conditions in which careful pricing matters most. Two clubs are promoted automatically, a play-off decides the third, and four go down.
League Two
Fourth tier · Autumn–spring season
The fourth tier, and the lowest division of the English Football League. Three clubs win automatic promotion, the next four contest the play-offs, and the bottom two drop out of the Football League altogether. Thin coverage and a high volume of matches mean bookmakers' prices here tend to be less sharp.
Spain
La Liga
Top flight · Autumn–spring season
Spain's top flight. Technical, possession-based football tends to produce tighter, lower-scoring matches than in Germany or England, so goal markets have to be priced with that tempo in mind. The bottom three are relegated to La Liga 2.
La Liga 2
Second tier · Autumn–spring season
Spain's second tier, and one of the longest seasons in Europe at 42 rounds. Matches are famously tight and low-scoring, so its goal lines are priced very differently from most of Europe. Two clubs go up automatically and a play-off decides the third.
Germany
Bundesliga
Top flight · Autumn–spring season
Germany's top flight, known for open, attacking matches and one of the highest goal averages among Europe's major leagues. That makes its goals markets — Over 2.5 and both teams to score — a natural fit. The 16th-placed club faces a play-off against the third team in the 2. Bundesliga.
2. Bundesliga
Second tier · Autumn–spring season
Germany's second division: well-supported clubs, big stadiums and a genuinely unpredictable race for the top. The top two are promoted automatically and the third-placed club plays off against the Bundesliga's 16th.
Italy
Serie A
Top flight · Autumn–spring season
Italy's top flight, where tactical preparation is famously thorough and matches between mid-table sides are often cagey. Clubs in European competition rotate heavily, so team news matters more here than the table suggests. The bottom three are relegated to Serie B.
Serie B
Second tier · Autumn–spring season
Italy's second division. A congested table, frequent coaching changes and plenty of evenly matched sides make it one of the harder leagues to read. The top two are promoted directly and play-offs decide the third place.
France
Portugal
Belgium
Poland
Ekstraklasa
Top flight · Autumn–spring season
Poland's top flight: competitive, physical and without a single dominant club, with the title changing hands often in recent seasons. It is followed far less closely than Europe's major leagues, which is part of why we cover it.
1. Liga
Second tier · Autumn–spring season
Poland's second tier, one step below the Ekstraklasa. Two clubs are promoted directly and the next four play off for a third place, so much of the table still has something to play for in the final rounds. A long winter break splits the season in two.
Denmark
Superliga
Top flight · Autumn–spring season
Denmark's top flight. After the regular season the table splits into a championship round and a relegation round, so each club finishes against teams of similar strength. FC Copenhagen and Midtjylland have shared most of the recent titles.
First Division
Second tier · Autumn–spring season
Denmark's second tier, known locally as 1. division. A compact league that feeds the Superliga: few clubs, the same opponents met several times, and promotion decided over a long season.
Norway
Eliteserien
Top flight · Calendar-year season
Norway's top flight, played from spring to late autumn. Artificial pitches at several grounds, long away trips and a calendar that runs through Europe's summer break give it a rhythm of its own — and give us fixtures when most major leagues are idle.
1. Division
Second tier · Calendar-year season
Norway's second tier, also played from spring to autumn. Two clubs are promoted directly and a play-off offers a third route up, so the race usually stays open into the final rounds.
Sweden
Allsvenskan
Top flight · Calendar-year season
Sweden's top flight, played on a spring-to-autumn calendar. From April to November it supplies a steady run of fixtures while much of Europe is on its summer break. The bottom two are relegated and the 14th-placed club faces a play-off.
Superettan
Second tier · Calendar-year season
Sweden's second tier, running alongside the Allsvenskan from spring to autumn. Promotion races are often tight: the top two go up and the third-placed club faces a play-off against the Allsvenskan's 14th.
Brazil
Serie A
Top flight · Calendar-year season
Brazil's top flight, the Brasileirão: a calendar-year season played as a straight double round-robin, with no play-offs. Long travel, a packed schedule and a strong home advantage make it very different from European football — and a steady source of matches during the European summer. The bottom four are relegated.
Serie B
Second tier · Calendar-year season
Brazil's second tier, where four clubs are promoted and four relegated every season. That turnover, the long distances between cities and strong home records make it one of the least predictable leagues we cover.